citation_inspection

The elephant husbandry staff employs two dogs to watch the elephants and alert the staff to elephants' behavior while the handlers are in free contact. Due to weather on the day of inspection, only a limited interaction between dogs and elephants could be observed by APHIS officials. The manager was asked to demonstrate an example of this type of interaction, and so he called one of the dogs to create a barrier between the husbandry staff and an elephant which had reached its trunk through the enclosure bars. The dog showed aggressive behavior, growling and lunging at one elephant and entering its enclosure before being called by the manager. The manager also reported the dogs' having bitten the elephants during the course of their work. Furthermore, a CBS News clip from May 13, 2014, which was verified by the facility representatives, showed the elephants exhibiting signs of distress when charged by one of the dogs, including ear flapping, trumpeting, and turning and running away. The manager was clear that the dogs are not herding the elephants but are protecting the keepers during free contact. Having the dogs interact with the elephants by unrestrained lunging and biting may cause undue stress to the elephants. All animal handling must be done in a manner that does not cause behavioral stress. Correct by: from this point forward.

The Program of Veterinary Care (PVC) for this facility lacks specific guidance for the care of animals. Several species of animals are maintained by the facility but not listed on the PVC, including: the giraffe, bears, wallaby, prevost squirrel, red squirrel, domestic pigs, and guinea pigs. It is difficult to determine which species are included in guidance with broad terms of "equine" and "ruminants" listed on the PVC. There is also no specific guidance for deworming of various species, only a list of dewormers to be used with guidance to rotate these wormers. Species specific dosing and route is not included for any species or drug in the PVC. The guidance for euthanasia of carnivores, hoofed stock, primates and elephants is "IV Pentobarbital or Gunshot". Although gunshot is acceptable as an emergency means of euthanasia, it should not be listed on the PVC as a routine method and additional direction regarding the species or circumstances under which it is approved must be included. Likewise, the PVC states "xylazine sedation..IV Pentobarbital..Gunshot" as a method for euthanasia for camelids and equine. Additionally, the PVC states that ketamine and xylazine or domosedan for equine will be used for capture and restraint methods. There is no guidance for dosing various species with these drugs and no guidance for anesthesia monitoring, recovery, or other pre or post procedural care. Specific guidance is required. Treatment records provided by the facility state animals have been treated without written attending veterinarian guidance. This includes a camel having an abscess flushed and cleaned, a newborn Sitatunga treated with "BOSE", a newborn Kudu treated with (cid:28)"BOSE"(cid:29), and numerous dewormers given. Additional specific guidance is required for the Program of Veterinary Care. Failure to have specific accurate guidance does not ensure the attending veterinarian is aware of the current practices at the facility and also does not ensure the facility has accurate guidance to provide adequate veterinary care to the animals. Correct this by developing and implementing a complete, accurate Program of Veterinary Care. Correct by: 10 February 2015

Thirty five individual animals were identified by APHIS Officials in need of veterinary care at the time of inspection. The licensee stated that he has been raising these animals for so long that many injuries and illnesses are treated by the facility without calling a veterinarian. He further stated that they are in frequent contact with their Attending Veterinarian and his partner (also another licensed veterinarian), however, they do not currently maintain written records of treatments. At the start of the inspection the wife of the licensee (responsible for much of the daily care for animals) stated that there were no animals currently receiving veterinary treatment. When asked about animals that recently received treatment, she stated only a serval had been recently treated. The wife of the licensee stated that she does keep some short notes in a personal journal, but that this was not available for inspection as it was mixed with other personal information. When asked, the wife of the licensee did re-copy a list of animals reportedly treated by the facility during the period of 20 October 2014 through 6 January 2015. These notes were reviewed in determining compliance with this section. *** Direct: Two Oryx had significant lameness at the time of inspection. This included: - Oryx #1: A juvenile (still nursing) oryx was significantly lame on the right front leg at the time of inspection. This animal was observed alternately toe-touching lame and non-weight bearing lame when moving at a walk on 6 January 2015. On 8 January 2015 this animal was observed consistently non-weight bearing even when running and did not bear any weight on the limb at any point during observations that day. On 6 January, the licensee stated that the facility first observed this lameness approximately 3-4 days prior to the start of the inspection. - Oryx #2: A young adult oryx was significantly lame on the left front leg at the time of inspection. This animal was observed consistently toe-touching lame when moving at a walk (both on 6 & 8 January 2015). The licensee stated that the facility first observed this lameness approximately 6-7 days prior to the start of the inspection. Following identification of these animals to the licensee (on 6 January), the licensee stated that oryx will occasionally be lame as a result of sparring and also frequently become lame during the winter when the ground is frozen. He stated that this typically resolves with time and that it is too stressful to the animal to remove it from the herd for examination since it may not be accepted back into the herd. Although the licensee stated that he had not contacted the Attending Veterinarian (AV) for advice regarding veterinary treatment for either of these oryx, he also stated that he had previously discussed the issue of lameness in oryx generally with the partner of the AV (also another licensed veterinarian). The licensee stated as long as there is not a compound fracture, the animal should not be removed from the herd for further evaluation and treatment regarding lameness since it may just be a sprain or similar minor injury. There was no record of any previous advice from any veterinarian and no written guidance present in the program of veterinary care for lameness in oryx or any other species. No veterinary care was provided to either oryx listed above. Lameness is a significant indicator of pain and failure to provide appropriate methods to properly diagnose and treat the underlying cause in a timely manner may result in unnecessary pain and suffering. Correct by having these animals evaluated by a licensed veterinarian and following all recommendations including those regarding examination, diagnosis, treatment, and future recheck examinations as needed. Additionally, the licensee must maintain record of these recommendations for evaluation by APHIS Officials. If this is a recurrent problem the licensee may seek additional guidance from the Attending Veterinarian for incorporation into the written program of veterinary care regarding recommendations for any future animals that may develop lameness. This was first identified to the licensee on 6 January 2015. *** DIRECT: Several guinea pigs (GP) were exhibiting varying amounts of hair loss at the time of inspection. Tubs 1& 2 were located on the patio outside the keeper area. Tub 3 was located in the storage trailer near the mouse house. - GP#1: A black and white juvenile guinea pig located in tub 1 had an area of hair loss on the right side of its nose stretching 2/3 of the way to its eye. The underlying skin in this area was dry, crusty, and had several dark spots that appeared to be scabs. Additionally, there was a small amount of crusted skin under the right eye. This was first identified to the licensee on 6 January 2014. - GP#2: A black and white adult guinea pig located in tub 1 had several small areas of hair loss on the left side of its nose. The underlying skin was dry, flaky, and had several dark spots that appeared to be scabs. This was first identified to the licensee on 6 January 2014. - GP#3: A tan and white juvenile guinea pig located in tub 2 had several small areas of hair loss on the right side of its face near its eye, on the top of its head, and at the base of the right ear. The underlying skin was dry and in the area on top of the head it was flaky and had dark spots that appeared to be scabs. This was first identified to the licensee on 6 January 2014. - GP#4: A brown juvenile guinea pig located in tub 2 had an area of hair loss on the right side of its nose extending from the nose to the right eye and over the bridge of the nose. The underlying skin in this area was dry, crusty, and had numerous spots of medium and dark red areas that appeared to be scabs. This was first identified to the licensee on 6 January 2014. - GP#5: A brown and white guinea pig located in tub 2 had a small area of hair loss on the bridge of the nose. The underlying skin was dry and without significant crusts or flakes. This was first identified to the licensee on 6 January 2014. - GP#6: A tan guinea pig with a white stripe between its eyes located in tub 1 has an area of hair loss on the bridge of the nose. The underlying skin is dry, flaky, and has one dark spot that appeared to be a scab. This was first identified to the licensee on 7 January 2014. - GP#7: A brown and white guinea pig located in tub 1 has an area of hair loss extending between the left eye and ear. The underlying skin is dry and flaky. This was first identified to the licensee on 7 January 2014. - GP#8: A black and white guinea pig located in tub 3 has an area of hair loss and irregular skin just above its right eye and a second spot just behind the nose on the right side. The skin surrounding the eye appears dry, thickened, and leathery while the area near the nose is dry and flaky. This was first identified to the licensee on 7 January 2014. - GP#9: A brown and white curly coated guinea pig located in tub 3 has a focal area of incomplete hair loss on the bridge of its nose. The underlying skin is dry and flaky. This was first identified to the licensee on 7 January 2014. - GP#10: A brown and white curly coated guinea pig located in tub 3 has areas of hair loss on the top of the head and under the left ear. The underlying skin in both areas is dry and crusty. This was first identified to the licensee on 7 January 2014. All of the guinea pigs listed above appeared bright, alert, and reactive. None were observed actively scratching at the affected areas, however, the dark spots present on several animals appear to be scabs and dried blood and are consistent with scratching as a result of itchiness. These conditions were not reported to the attending veterinarian prior to inspection and none of these animals were receiving any treatment for these conditions. Hair loss can result from numerous causes including several infectious causes such as fungal and bacterial diseases. Given the number of animals with similar lesions, the cause is likely to be infectious. When the attending veterinarian observed these animals, on 8 January 2015, he stated that the lesions were suspicious for ringworm and would make a diagnostic / treatment plan accordingly. Infectious skin disorders may be transmitted to other uninfected animals in the same enclosure or enclosures nearby. Numerous animals which appeared normal were housed with affected animals in each tub listed above. The licensee stated that he had not contacted the attending veterinarian regarding these issues prior to the start of the inspection and there were no methods in place to prevent spread of this condition. There was no previous guidance from the attending veterinarian for skin disorders in guinea pigs and no written guidance in the program of veterinary care. Correct by ensuring that all animals exhibiting these skin abnormalities are examined by a licensed veterinarian so that appropriate diagnostic testing can be completed and a proper diagnosis can be made. Additionally, the licensee must seek guidance from the attending veterinarian regarding appropriate treatment for the affected animals as well as prevention and control of this condition in the guinea pig colony. Records of these recommendations must be maintained for evaluation by APHIS Officials. *** Three camels located in the camel exhibit area in the main zoo location showed signs of abnormal skin conditions. These were identified to the licensee on 6 January 2015. - Camel #1: A female camel had a significant swelling (at least 7 inches by 3 inches) located on the right side at the base of the hump. Additionally, there is a large area of dark discharge (brown, red, and black) extending from the swelling down the right side to the abdomen. This discharge appears dried and caked in the fur. - Camel #2: A female camel had a significant swelling on the left shoulder area (approximately 3 inches and roughly circular). The skin overlying this area is hairless and there is dried red-brown material caked in the fur surrounding the lesion. This camel was later identified by the facility as "(cid:28)Lauren"(cid:29). - Camel #3: A female camel (with an ear tag #5) had a swelling on the right mid-neck. There was a brown-red discharge caked in the surrounding fur. When asked about these lesions, the licensee stated that they are abscesses and that they occur regularly in the camels. He stated that they are treated by the facility staff (typically his wife) whenever they are observed. He further stated that typically they would not call the attending veterinarian for these issues since they are a common occurrence and they have been treating them for years. When asked, the wife of the licensee stated that she had cleaned the abscess on (cid:28)"Lauren"(cid:29) prior to the inspection (on 3 January 2015) by flushing it with diluted iodine and spraying it with wound spray. There is currently no written guidance in the program of veterinary care which would allow treatment by the facility without consultation from the attending veterinarian. Abscesses are often caused by infectious agents and there are 5 additional camels located in this pasture and 1 housed so that it is sharing the same barn (with direct contact). There were no methods currently in use to stop the spread of disease if it is transmissible between animals. Correct by ensuring that all animals exhibiting these skin abnormalities are examined by a licensed veterinarian so that appropriate diagnostic testing can be completed and a proper diagnosis can be made. Additionally, the licensee must seek guidance from the attending veterinarian regarding appropriate treatment for the affected animals as well as prevention and control of this condition in the camels. The licensee must maintain records of the diagnosis and recommendations for evaluation by APHIS Officials. *** The male cougar has an area on the right hind leg where the skin appears reddened and moist. The area is approximately 2 inches wide by 4 inches long and is located on the back of the leg behind the right knee. This was identified to the licensee on 6 January 2015 and at that time the licensee stated that he was unaware of this condition. It was identified to the wife of the licensee on 7 January 2015 and she also stated she was unaware of the condition but would make sure the attending veterinarian was called to examine it. Skin disease can result from numerous infectious and non-infectious causes. Left untreated, it may progress resulting in unnecessary discomfort or suffering. Correct by ensuring that this animal is examined by a licensed veterinarian for recommendations regarding appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The licensee must maintain records of the diagnosis and recommendations for evaluation by APHIS Officials. *** One female giraffe had hooves which were overgrown and a slightly abnormal gait when compared to the other giraffes at the facility. When asked about routine giraffe hoof care the licensee stated that the giraffe will naturally wear their hooves down in the yard since there is gravel present in the giraffe enclosure. This individual giraffe was identified to the licensee on 6 January 2015 at which time the licensee stated that he was not sure of the individual animal(cid:25)'s name although he thought it may be Vivian. When the animal with long hooves was pointed out, the licensee assured inspectors that the hooves would wear to a normal length over time if left on the gravel. The licensee further assured the inspectors that if that did not happen he would be able to transport the giraffe to North Carolina when the weather warms to trim her hooves using a chute at another USDA licensee(cid:25)'s facility. Additionally, he stated that they were in the process of constructing a giraffe chute to facilitate easier handling of the giraffe and make hoof trimming easier in the future. There was no documentation at the facility that the licensee has guidance from the Attending Veterinarian regarding the treatment of overgrown hooves in giraffe. Inspectors did observe a partially constructed chute. Excessively long hooves can progress causing abnormal gaits, lameness, unnecessary stress and discomfort to the animal. Correct by having this animal examined by a licensed veterinarian and following all recommendations regarding appropriate treatment for this condition. If transportation of this animal is necessary for treatment, this guidance should include an appropriate timeline for providing this care. Additionally, the licensee must maintain records of the diagnosis and recommendations for evaluation by APHIS Officials. This was first identified to the licensee on 6 January 2014. *** Numerous Capuchin Monkeys had hair loss to varying degrees and were observed scratching during the inspection. This included: - Capuchin #1: A Brown (Tufted) Capuchin monkey located in the keeper barn had significant hair loss over its entire back extending over its sides and shoulders. Additionally there was a smaller area of hair loss on its tail. The underlying skin appeared dry. This capuchin was housed with two other monkeys (one of which is capuchin #2 listed below). This animal was observed scratching during the inspection. - Capuchin #2: A Brown (Tufted) Capuchin monkey located in the keeper barn had significant hair loss along the length of its tail (worst at the tip) as well as hair thinning over the rump area and back. This animal was periodically observed scratching during the course of the inspection. This capuchin was housed with two other monkeys including capuchin #1 listed above). - Capuchin #3: A White-faced Capuchin monkey located in the indoor/outdoor area near the mouse house building (co-housed with 5 other Capuchin monkeys including Capuchin #4 below) had generalized patchy hair loss (over the back, hind legs, tail, etc.). This animal was observed scratching. - Capuchin #4: A White-faced Capuchin monkey located in the indoor/outdoor area near the mouse house building (co-housed with 5 other Capuchin monkeys including Capuchin #3 above) had incomplete hair loss located along the length of the tail and its left knee. - Capuchin #5: A White-faced Capuchin monkey missing part of the left index finger located in the back room of the mouse-house building had hair loss on both forearms and on the tail. The capuchin was observed vigorously scratching at times during the inspection. This capuchin was co-housed with 2 others (#6 and 7 below) and in a room with two other groups of capuchins (including capuchin #8) and a group of DeBrazza'(cid:25)s Monkeys. - Capuchin #6: A White-faced Capuchin monkey located in the back room of the mouse-house building had patchy hair loss on the tail. This capuchin was co-housed with 2 others (#5 and 7) and in a room with two other groups of capuchins (including capuchin #8) and a group of DeBrazza(cid:25)'s Monkeys. - Capuchin #7: A White-faced Capuchin monkey located in the back room of the mouse-house building had patchy hair loss on the tail. This capuchin was co-housed with 2 others (#5 and 6 above) and in a room with two other groups of capuchins (including capuchin #8) and a group of DeBrazza(cid:25)'s Monkeys. - Capuchin #8: A Brown (Tufted) Capuchin monkey located in the back room of the mouse-house building had extensive hair loss on its tail and several small patches on its back. This animal was observed vigorously scratching at times during the inspection. This capuchin was co-housed with 2 other non-affected animals and in a room with two other groups of capuchins and a group of DeBrazza(cid:25)'s Monkeys. The hair loss in Capuchins #1 & 2 were first identified to the licensee on 6 January 2014. Capuchins #3 - 8 were first identified to the licensee on 7 January 2014. There was no written documentation regarding the treatment of these animals for hair loss and the attending veterinarian stated to APHIS Officials that he would generally refer primates to another local veterinarian for treatment. Hair loss associated with apparent discomfort (evidenced by scratching) can result from a number of causes including several infectious causes. Left untreated these conditions may result in worsening of the condition, development of secondary infections, and unnecessary suffering. When skin disorders are resulting from an infectious cause, they may be transmitted to other uninfected animals in the same enclosure or enclosures nearby. Numerous animals which appeared normal were housed with affected animals in nearby enclosures. Correct by ensuring that all animals exhibiting these skin abnormalities are examined by a licensed veterinarian so that appropriate diagnostic testing can be completed and a proper diagnosis can be made. The licensee must follow all recommendations by the veterinarian including those regarding diagnosis, treatment, prevention, control of this condition, and recheck examinations. Records of these findings, treatment, and future recommendations must be kept for evaluation by APHIS Officials. *** A small Mandrill housed with the adult male Mandrill had hair loss over top aspect of both forearms. On the right arm the hair loss extends from the elbow to hand and on the left arm it extends over a smaller portion of the arm. The underlying skin appears dry. This was first identified to the licensee on 6 January 2015 at which time he stated that this is probably due to stress because the female Mandrill in the adjacent enclosure (with limited tactile contact) picks on and intimidates this animal. He stated that the female is a full-sister to this affected animal and that negative interaction is the reason they are separated. He stated that this issue has not been evaluated by a veterinarian and there was no record that the facility had contacted the attending veterinarian for any evaluation. There was no direction in the written program of veterinary care or the Non-human Primate Enrichment plan to address hair loss or hair plucking in primates. While hair loss in this area of primates often has an underlying behavioral cause, guidance from the attending veterinarian must be sought to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment and to prevent worsening of the condition. Correct by contacting the attending veterinarian and following all recommendations including his direction regarding the diagnosis, care, and treatment. Additionally, the enrichment plan should be amended to address non-medical causes of hair plucking in primates if the veterinarian believes this to be an issue at the facility. ***A black and white pygmy goat located in the main zoo area has a creamy white vulvar discharge, crusted discharge dried on the vulva, hair loss on flanks, and significant crusts around its nose. The end of the tail also has a moderate amount of dried dark debris caked in the hair which appears to be contamination from the discharge mixed with dirt. The goat was bright, alert, and active and ate a small amount of grain during the inspection. The abnormalities were initially observed by APHIS Officials on 6 January 2015 and continued to be present on multiple days during the inspection process. When asked about this goat, the wife of the licensee stated that this was an older goat and that she looks ok. There was no record to indicate that the facility had contacted the attending veterinarian about this animal and she was not on any treatment at the start of the inspection. This was first identified to the wife of the licensee on 6 January 2015. Correct by having this animal examined by a licensed veterinarian and following all recommendations regarding appropriate diagnosis and treatment for this condition. Additionally, the licensee must maintain records of the diagnosis and recommendations for evaluation by APHIS Officials. *** All of the muntjac in the enclosure between the macaques and African crested porcupine (total of 6) had fur over their rump area that was ruffled and standing on end. Two of these animals (one male and one female) had a large amount of dark brown material under their tails consistent with caked on diarrhea. Diarrhea can be an indicator of ill-health and can have many causes both infectious (parasites, bacterial disease, etc.) or non-infectious (problems with diet, individual metabolic disease, etc). Ruffled hair in the area of the rump can be an indicator of several problems such as skin disease or more generalized systemic problems. Failure to properly diagnose and treat this condition may result in the worsening of the condition and possibly spread of disease between animals (if the underlying cause is infectious). There was no documentation that the facility has contacted the Attending veterinarian regarding these animals. Correct by having these animals examined by the Attending Veterinarian and following all recommendations regarding diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of this condition. Additionally the licensee must maintain record of these recommendations for evaluation by APHIS Officials. This was first identified to the licensee on 6 January 2015. *** A tan and white llama located in the llama paddock in the main zoo has a mass under the jaw on the left side that has crusty debris overlying this mass. This animal appeared bright and alert. There was no documentation that the facility contacted a veterinarian regarding this animal. Masses in this area can result from numerous conditions both infectious and non-infectious (such as tooth root abscess, neoplasia, etc). Failure to properly diagnose and treat this condition can result in disease progression and lead to unnecessary suffering. Correct by having this animal examined by the Attending Veterinarian and following all recommendations. Additionally the licensee must maintain record of these findings and recommendations for evaluation by APHIS Officials. This was first identified to the licensee on 6 January 2015. *** A miniature Zebu steer located in the petting area of the main zoo had long misshapen claws on both hind legs with the right more affected than the left. The outer claw of the right rear foot appears to be partially twisted under the foot so that the steer is partially weight bearing on the outer wall. The Zebu did not appear to be lame at a walk. The wife of the licensee stated that this was an older steer and that he has always had bad feet as did his father. She also stated that the facility uses a good farrier to trim hooves, that he had trimmed the feet for this Zebu in December, and that these are about as good as they normally look. There was no written documentation of any prior hoof trims. Left untreated, long or misshapen hooves can progress and cause lameness, abnormal stress on the joints, and discomfort to the animal. While there was no record of recent farrier care, if this animal(cid:25)'s feet were trimmed in December, there is an increased reason to contact the Attending Veterinarian (AV) for recommendations about whether additional treatment is necessary. Correct by contacting the AV and following all recommendations regarding treatment and future monitoring of this animal. Additionally the licensee must maintain records of these recommendations for evaluation by APHIS Officials. This was first identified to the wife of the licensee on 6 January 2015. Each dealer and exhibitor shall establish and maintain programs of adequate veterinary care to include the use of appropriate methods to prevent, control, diagnose, and treat diseases and injuries. Adequate records of veterinary care (including all treatments provided by the facility and communication of issues of health to the attending veterinarian) are an integral part of an adequate program of veterinary care since they are necessary to ensure communication between facility staff as well as between the facility and the attending veterinarian when animals are exhibiting signs of medical problems or have a history of previous problems. Failure of the facility to establish and maintain an adequate program of veterinary care (including record keeping) can result in delayed veterinary treatment and prevent the attending veterinarian from making accurate diagnoses. Correct by ensuring that all animals showing signs of injury, disease, or illness are promptly examined by a licensed veterinarian and maintaining adequate records from this point forward. All animals requiring veterinary treatment identified by APHIS Officials were communicated to the licensee as they were identified. Additionally, APHIS Officials discussed a comprehensive list of animals requiring care at the conclusion of 7 January 2015 with both the licensee and his wife. This discussion included both the necessary corrective action and a timeline for correction (given to the licensee as noon on Friday 10 January 2015).

The following non-compliances with euthanasia were identified during this inspection. *** DIRECT: The refrigerator in the keeper building contained 10 dead guinea pigs that the licensee stated were old breeders that had been culled from the colony to be fed to the big cats. While examining them for hair loss several of the guinea pigs felt to have broken ribs and/or pelvic bones. When the owner was questioned he told the APHIS officials that he killed the guinea pigs by hitting them against a hard surface. When the licensee was asked by APHIS Officals to demonstrate using a dead guinea pig, he raised the dead guinea pig above his head and threw it forcefully onto the concrete floor. The written facility Program of Veterinary Care (PVC) does not include guinea pigs or their euthanasia method. APHIS officials informed the owner that is not an appropriate method to kill guinea pigs. When the attending veterinarian came to the facility on 8 January 2015 to examine animals, APHIS officials discussed the method used by the facility to kill guinea pigs. The attending veterinarian stated that he was unaware that was the method the facility was using and agreed that it was not an acceptable method. The facility must seek the guidance of the attending veterinarian for an appropriate method to euthanize the guinea pigs that is in compliance with the current AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. Also, facility personnel performing the euthanasia must receive any needed training by the attending veterinarian regarding the use of the new method of euthanasia. The facility PVC must be updated to include the guinea pigs and their method of euthanasia. Correct before any more guinea pigs are euthanized by facility personnel. *** The facility PVC lists gunshot as a method of euthanasia with no further explanation of the acceptable circumstances for its use. Gunshot is not an acceptable routine method of euthanasia. It puts both people and other animals at risk. Depending on the proficiency of the user, animals may only be wounded by the bullet and suffer pain and distress until a fatal shot can be executed. The use of gunshot is not an acceptable method of euthanasia for small animals. The facility PVC must include the animals and conditions when gunshot may be used. Additionally, if gunshot is to be used as a method of euthanasia, the licensee must seek additional written guidance from the attending veterinarian regarding specifics for the method (such as circumstances for use, location of bullet placement, and location for this procedure). Furthermore, the facility must maintain a list of the personnel authorized to perform this technique and their training regarding this method to demonstrate proficiency. These recommendations and records must be maintained by the licensee and available to APHIS Officials upon request. Correct by 10 February 2015.

The following non-compliances with animal handling were identified during this inspection: *** This facility used tiger cubs for photo shoots during the summer of 2014. During this inspection, the licensee was asked about the facility(cid:25)'s handling of cubs from birth. He stated that the cubs are pulled from the female tiger at birth and are cared for in a caretaker's home near the facility. These cubs are then brought to the facility at 2-3 weeks of age during the day and put on display to the public in the gift shop when the zoo is open. The licensee stated that the cubs are never touched by the public during this time and they are on display behind glass in the gift shop. The public is able to walk in the gift shop and up to the window, and the caretakers move in and out of the tiger cub area to work with other species during the day. The facility then starts using the cubs as early as 3-4 weeks for photos shoots after their 1st vaccine. *** Several photographs and videos taken during photography sessions show tiger cubs as young as 4 weeks old being held by a member of the general public. The licensee was shown these pictures and videos on 9 January 2015. During this discussion, he admitted that his daughter, who is no longer at the facility, handled all of the cub photo shoots and he was not aware of how the cubs were handled and never watched the photo shoots. Even though the licensee previously stated that no member of the public is allowed to touch the cubs during photo shoots at that point (though they were touched later during interactive play sessions) the photos show cubs as young as 4 weeks being held by members of the general public. Additional photos / videos show members of the public holding, touching, and bottle feeding the cubs that appear slightly older. When showed the photos, the licensee stated there was no doubt the public was touching the cub and feeding it and that he was previously unaware that his daughter was doing that. Exposure to members of the public by placing these animals in photo shoots and housing them in areas where public foot traffic is present is a health concern for the cubs. Cubs of this age that have not been adequately vaccinated do not have fully intact immune systems and are therefore susceptible to many infectious diseases. The practices described above do not constitute handling these cubs as carefully as possible and unnecessarily risks harm and discomfort. The licensee must ensure that if tigers are to be removed from the mother, that handling must be done as carefully as possible and that exposure to members of the public does not occur until the cubs are immunocompetent and vaccinated. Correct from this day forward *** The owner and the elephant handler informed the APHIS officials several times during this inspection that the female African elephant, Asha, is regularly walked across the street to the 1600 hundred acre property owned by a friend (The Virginia Conservation Legacy). When asked when she was there last, the APHIS officials were told by the elephant handler that Asha went the day before the inspection started (5 January 2015). The APHIS officials were told by the licensee that Asha is allowed to roam free to exercise and play and will come back to the handler at least every half hour to make sure he is still there waiting for her. The elephant roaming free without being under the direct control of the handler may result in physical harm or unnecessary discomfort to the elephant. While out of view of the elephant handler, Asha may be physically injured by discarded material or natural hazards that may exist on a property that large. Additionally she could easily ingest poisonous plant material or wander into the road and get hit by a vehicle when not attended causing both a threat of physical harm to her and the public. Finally, the elephant could easily encounter another animal or a person risking both harm to the elephant and/or the other animal/person if not under the direct control of the elephant handler. The elephant must be under the direct control of the handler unless the elephant is in a secured and safe area that can contain the elephant. Correct from this day forward.

The following non-compliances with animal handling were identified during this inspection: *** This facility used tiger cubs for photo shoots this during the summer of 2014. APHIS officials discussed the methods used for these photos shoots with the licensee on 9 January 2015. Several photos and videos were shown to the licensee where members of the public are sitting on a bench and the facility handlers place a cub in the public(cid:25)'s lap for a photo. A bottle is used to keep the tiger cub'(cid:25)s interest and the handler gives the bottle to the public. In all of the videos and photos, the tiger cub being used is too big and too strong for this type public exhibition where there is not a public barrier in place. When showed each of the photos and videos, the licensee made comments like "the cat is too big", "they should not be feeding it", and "the child it too close." In one video, the members of the public were a man and woman with an infant that appeared to be less than a year old. When seeing this, the licensee stated he was not happy about what he was seeing and that he was unaware this was going on during these photo shoots. He also said that to him it looked dangerous and he was thankful that it was being brought to his attention. The use of animals such as tigers in photo shoots can be dangerous if juvenile tigers of this size are used. These animals, which appear to be 35-40 pounds, are clearly too strong and too fast to be handled without a barrier. Any future photo shoots must be done with smaller cubs that can be adequately controlled to minimize risk to the public (and have been adequately vaccinated to minimize risk to the cub) or a barrier is required between the tiger cub and the public. Correct from this day forward *** The outdoor enclosure for the female African elephant consists of a double stranded electric fence surrounded by a public barrier that is approximately 4 feet high and constructed of hog-panel type fencing. The facility was not open to the public at time of the inspection. The elephant handler was also responsible for providing care to other animals at the zoo in addition to the elephant. Caring for the additional animals takes him to other areas of the park on a regular basis, leaving no handler to supervise the elephant at times when she is in her outdoor enclosure. The electric wire fencing may not be a sufficient barrier to contain the elephant if startled or harassed by persons/events that may occur when the public is present. During public exhibition, animals must be handled so there is minimal risk of harm to the animal and the public, with sufficient distance and/or barriers between the general viewing public so as to assure the safety of the animal and the public. Correct by ensuring that the elephant is always adequately supervised by a knowledgeable and experienced elephant handler while she is present in her current outdoor enclosure (the electric fence) when the facility is open to the public. Correct by: Prior to public admission to the zoo.

The enclosure housing the guinea pigs in the trailer is a metal stock water trough. The bottom edge of this trough is rotted and rusted to the point that the facility has duct taped the area and placed cement blocks next to the trough to secure this area. During this inspection, the brick was removed and an inspector's hand could be placed into the enclosure from the outside through this rotted area. This trough is a potential injury hazard or route of escape to the guinea pigs. This trough requires repair or replacement to ensure it adequately protects the guinea pigs from injury and contains the animals. Correct by: 17 January 2015

The three oval metal stock water troughs housing a total of 97 guinea pigs with their litters had excessively wet and dirty bedding below a layer of clean bedding. The owner informed the APHIS officials that the personnel clean the enclosures by removing the old bedding in half of the enclosure, put in new bedding, and then remove the old bedding in the other half of the enclosure and put in new bedding. This is done while the guinea pigs were in the enclosures. These enclosures are not being adequately cleaned or sanitized at least once every 2 weeks in the manner provided in paragraph (a)(4) of this section. All three of these enclosures have guinea pigs with hair loss that were cited under veterinary care. The accumulation of wet dirty bedding and lack of sanitization of the enclosures may create an environment for the accumulation of parasites and/or growth of bacteria and fungi. Additionally, the impact to the animals due to the presence of wet bedding is further exacerbated by the extremely cold conditions. Guinea pig enclosures must be cleaned and sanitized often enough to prevent the accumulation of excreta or debris and at least once every 2 weeks in the manner provided in paragraph (a)(4) of this section. Correct by 17 January 2015.

Produce (fruit and vegetables) was stored in open boxes on the floor in the keeper building against shelves with cans of paints and next to enclosures housing nonhuman primates. Paint/debris on the outside of the paint cans may contaminate the produce. The primates housed in this area are close enough that they may urinate and/or defecate on the produce and/or throw items out of the enclosure onto the produce. Additionally, normal cleaning procedures for the enclosures may contaminate the produce with animal waste. Eating contaminated produce may cause the animals to become ill. Supplies of food must be stored in a manner that protects the supplies from spoilage, contamination and vermin infestation. The supplies must be stored off the floor away from the walls, to allow cleaning underneath and around the supplies. Food requiring refrigeration must be stored accordingly and all food must be stored in a manner that prevents contamination and deterioration of its nutritive value. Only the food and bedding currently being used may be kept in animals areas, and when not in actual use, open food and bedding supplies must be kept in leakproof containers with tightly fitting lids to prevent spoilage and contamination. Substances that are toxic to the animals must not be stored in food storage and preparation areas. Correct by 24 January 2015.

One female Spider monkey is being housed in a primary enclosure measuring 46" by 47" and 8' in height. This equals a total floor space of 15.01 square feet. This primate is a brachiating species in Group 6 and requires 25.1 square feet of floor space. This animal was acquired this fall according to facility staff. This enclosure immediately adjoins the enclosure with a group of Spider monkeys and this primate is in visual, auditory, and tactile contact with the other Spider monkeys. This animal requires additional space to meet its minimal space requirements. Lack of adequate space does not allow this brachiating specie to engage in normal species-type behavior including swinging and may lead to physical and behavioral problems. A facility maintenance person informed the APHIS officials that when he built the enclosure he was unaware of the space requirements and could easily enlarge the enclosure. Correct this by providing this animal an enclosure meeting its space requirements. Correct by: 24 January 2015

Nearly every non-human primate primary enclosure at this facility is excessively dirty. The enclosures that are the worst are those indoor enclosures in the Tamarin building. The Tamarin enclosures have been scent marked and are covered with grime including all the strands of the wire mesh walls, the outside of all nest boxes, the climbing branches and shelves placed in the enclosures, and the feed container holders in the enclosures. It does not appear that these enclosures have been thoroughly cleaned in quite some time. The licensee commented on the fact that these animals scent mark and cleaning too much of their scenting can be problematic. Even though this is true, it is possible to clean thoroughly all areas of the enclosures on a rotating basis to ensure that all surfaces are cleaned regularly. Other primate enclosures were also found to be in need of cleaning including the indoor area for the tufted capuchins, the indoor area for the spider monkeys, the indoor lemur area, the indoor white faced capuchin area, the indoor Mandrill area, and the capuchins and DeBrazza monkeys in the mouse house building. All of these areas have surfaces in contact with the primates that are covered with grime and require cleaning including the solid walls, shelves, wire mesh fencing, and ceilings. The shelves in the tufted capuchin area are covered with a layer of feces and grime. Many of the walls in these areas are dirty and stained from either animal hands or grease from fur. Many ceilings in these areas are rust stained or covered with fly excrement markings. Failure to clean on a regular basis exposes the animals to disease hazards and does not satisfy accepted cleanliness standards. The facility must ensure that all primary enclosures housing non-human primates are cleaned on a regular basis. Additionally, all indoor primate enclosures must be cleaned and sanitized at least every 2 weeks or as often as necessary to prevent excessive accumulation of dirt and debris in accordance with section 3.84(b)(2). For those primates that require special consideration for scent marking for their well-being, the facility may utilize a rotating cleaning schedule that addresses this concern while also ensuring that their enclosures are kept sanitary and in accordance with this section and 3.84(b)(2). Correct by: 24 January 2015

There is an overwhelming pest control problem at this facility. Numerous rodent holes were found throughout the facility including by the lemur building, the tufted capuchin building, by the snow macaque enclosure and behind the outdoor capuchin housing. Additionally, dead rats were found next to the lemur building, snow macaque enclosure and behind the tufted capuchin building. Rodent bait boxes are present throughout the facility but significant rodent activity is still present as evidenced by the excessive number of rodent holes both in and around the animal enclosures. This facility also has a significant housekeeping concern with clutter and piles of unused or excess items throughout the facility. These areas provide hiding places and are a breeding ground for mammalian pests, contributing to the pest problem. The presence of rodents is a potential disease hazard to the animals as these rodents can be carriers of disease and parasites. An effective pest control program must be established to ensure control of these mammalian pests. Correct by: 10 February 2015

The following non-compliances with food storage were identified during this inspection. 1) The walk-in freezer used to store meat to feed the animals is filthy and ice has accumulated on the back shelves. Animal livestock carcasses for feeding were piled on the floor, uncovered and dirty. This food is not free from contamination or freezer burn and its consumption could result in animal illness and discomfort. The freezer also contains deceased animals previously exhibited at the facility such as a giraffe head and numerous bird specimens. The licensee stated that these are being stored for later use as taxidermy specimens. Bodies of dead exhibit animals must not be stored in the same freezer as food to prevent contamination of the meat from disease organisms that may have caused or contributed to the death of the exhibit animals. The dead exhibit animals, the piles of dirty uncovered animal livestock carcasses, and any other contaminated and/or freezer burned food must be removed from the walk-in freezer. The freezer must be cleaned and the frozen food wrapped or stored in closed containers to protect the food supplies from deterioration, contamination and freezer burn. Correct by 24 January 2015. 2) The hay stored in the hayloft above the stalls by the keeper building is contaminated with bird feces, feathers, alive and dead pigeons. A couple of old mattress infested with pigeons and multiple containers are also stored in the hayloft. Bird feces, feathers and pigeons may contain bacteria and/or parasites. Hay that is wet with feces may mold. The animals receiving this hay may become ill. The old mattress, containers, pigeons and contaminated hay must be removed, and the hayloft cleaned for the hay to be stored in facilities that adequately protect it against deterioration, molding and contamination by vermin. Correct by 24 January 2015.

The three outdoor yards housing 18 Sitatunga, 17 Oryx, and 5 Zebras, were excessively muddy on 06 January 2015. Even though the facility placed large round bales of hay in the shelters for the animals allowing them to have a dry place to stand, these yards remained muddy enough that the front loader used to move hay bales into the Sitatunga yard left ruts at least 4 inches deep. The zebra were muddy above all 4 pasterns. By 07 January 2015, the ground was frozen due to weather. These yards require additional drainage or substrate to ensure the animals can remain dry in all seasons. Correct this by providing proper drainage to these animal yards. Correct by: 10 February 2015

The following feeding non-compliances were identified during this inspection. 1) Direct non-compliance: The 2 bears did not have any food in their enclosure. The facility owner informed the APHIS officials that the bears were not provided water or food from the first of December until March to encourage hibernation and not leaving the den. One of the bears walked out of the den and was observed in its enclosure by two of the APHIS officials. Bears periodically leave their den during winter months and eat or drink. The bears could become distressed if hungry and they do not have access to any food. The bears must have access to some wholesome food to provide for their health and comfort. The facility owner was informed on Wednesday late afternoon by the APHIS officials to have this corrected by noon on Friday, 9 January 2015. 2) The 2 tigers, 2 puma and 5 servals are fed meat stored in the walk-in freezer. Animal livestock carcasses for feeding were piled on the floor, uncovered and dirty. This food shows signs of desiccation, freezer burn, and general contamination. Some of the whole deer (intended for feeding) show signs of scanvenging on the carcass. Deteriorated meat (such as that with freezer burn) may have decreased nutritional content and feeding contaminated meat may result in illness. These carcasses must not be fed for the health of the animals. Correct by ensuring that frozen meat is properly stored when frozen and properly thawed at refrigerator temperatures in a clean environment to prevent bacterial contamination and deterioration of the meat. Meat fed to the animals must be wholesome, palatable and free from contamination and of sufficient quantity and nutritive value to maintain the animal is good health. Correct from this day forward. 3) According to the licensee the hoof stock is fed hay from the hayloft above the stalls by the keeper building. This hay is contaminated with bird feces, feathers and dead pigeons. Bird feces, feathers and pigeon carcasses may contain bacteria and parasites and cause the animals receiving the hay to become ill. Contaminated hay must not be fed for the health of the animals. Hay fed to the animals must be free from contamination and of sufficient nutritive value to maintain all animals in good health. Correct from this day forward. 4) There were 10 dead guinea pigs in the refrigerator in the keeper building that the owner informed the APHIS officials that were going to be used to feed the felids: 2 tigers, 2 puma and 5 servals. At least two of these guinea pigs had patches of hair loss. There were also several live guinea pigs that were identified with hair loss which appeared similar to these lesions and were cited under veterinary care. The attending veterinarian examined the live guinea pigs on 9 January 2015 and said the hair loss was suspicious for ringworm. Ringworm is contagious and animals with suspicious lesions are not considered wholesome to be offered as food and must not be fed. Correct from this day forward. 5) The facility has a felid feeding plan. The original plan was written with a different vitamin supplement added to the meat than is currently used. The new supplement was written onto the margin of the plan, but the directions on the supplement container are different than what is directed by the plan and how the facility personnel are applying the supplement to the meat. Both the plan and facility personnel have informed APHIS personnel that the meat is dusted with the supplement. The directions on the supplement container are per weight of the animal and range from 1/4 of a scoop for a 1-3 pound animal to 8 scoops for a 500 pound animal. Feeding the animals meat with the wrong amount of vitamin/mineral supplement may cause preventable health problems. Also the facility hand raises tiger cubs. There is no written guidance in the felid feeding plan for the hand rearing of tiger cubs. The licensee stated that he really wasn't sure how or what cubs were fed, that his daughter was responsible for all aspects of cub rearing. Proper nutrition is very important for tiger cubs. Cubs fed an imbalanced or nutritionally incomplete diet can develop metabolic bone disease resulting in fractures or deformed bones. The feline feeding plan must be updated under the direction of the attending veterinarian to provide a diet with the nutritive value to maintain all the felids in good health. Correct by February 10, 2015.

The following non-compliances with cleaning of enclosures were identified on this inspection. 1) The 5 enclosures housing the 11 Prevost squirrels in the Tamarin building had excessive debris and grime caked on the wire mesh walls of the enclosures and on all surfaces including perches and nest boxes and do not appear to have been cleaned in a long while. 2) The enclosure housing 4 flying squirrels in the mouse house building had excessive debris accumulating on the wire mesh walls and dirty hay on the floor. Debris and cobwebs are accumulating under the enclosure in the catch pan. This enclosure does not appear to have been cleaned in a long while. Bacteria and fungus may grow in the excessive debris and grime and cause the animals to become ill. The enclosures must be cleaned to minimize disease hazards. Correct both items by 24 January 2015

An overwhelming number of rodent holes were found throughout the facility including in the muntjac yard, behind the porcupine enclosure, and inside the bottle fed muntjac yard. Additionally, 2 dead rats were found inside the muntjac yard closest to the porcupine enclosure and several dead rats were found outside the perimeter fence. Rodent holes were also found near the trailer housing guinea pigs and near the rabbits housed outdoors. Rodent bait boxes are present throughout the facility but significant rodent activity is still present. In the guinea pig trailer, bird eggs, droppings, and feathers were found in the vent on one wall. The hay storage in the loft of the barn near the keeper building has a significant avian pest problem. All of the hay in this loft is covered with bird feathers and droppings. Several pigeons were observed in this loft during this inspection. There is also an old mattress in this loft that is now being used by the birds to nest in. Several dead pigeons were found on the floor of the loft. This facility also has significant housekeeping concerns with clutter and piles of unused or excess items throughout the facility. These areas provide hiding places and are breeding grounds for mammalian pests, contributing to the pest problem. The presence of these mammalian and avian pets is a potential disease hazard to the animals as these rodents and birds can be carriers of disease and parasites. An effective pest control program must be established to ensure control of these mammalian and avian pests. Correct by: 24 January 2015 for avian pest and 10 February 2015 for rodents *** This inspection was conducted on January 6-9, 2015. All Direct non-compliances and animals in need of veterinary care were reviewed with the licensee verbally on 7 January 2015. A formal exit interview was conducted with the licensee on 11 January 2015. Additional Inspectors Geib Mary, Veterinary Medical Officer Coleman Randall, Animal Care Inspector

3.125 (a) Structural strength, The fence on the southeast side of the enclosure housing 2 Mule Deer has a 2 inch gap that runs horizontally between the two support poles. The gap in the fence is about nose level of the deer and the animals could potentially push the fence apart and become trapped or injured. This area of the fence is not structurally sound. Construct and maintain all facilities so that they are structurally sound and in good repair to contain and protect the animals from injuries. To be corrected by: January 16, 2015 In the back holding area of the enclosure housing 3 Collard Peccary's along the right rear wall is an area of broken stucco with exposed chicken wire. This area is not in good repair and the exposed chicken wire could potentially cause injuries to the animals. Construct and maintain all facilities so that they are structurally sound and in good repair to protect the animals from injuries. To be corrected by: March 2, 2015 Inspection and an exit briefing was conducted with APHIS Officials and licensee. Additional Inspectors Kjos Jeanne, Veterinary Medical Officer

** A five year old, female, fawn pug, micro-chip #4841732E05. The left eye had an opaque iris, with a raised spot in the middle of the iris and visible blood vessels in the white of the eye leading to the raised area. This can be a sign of disease or injury. The dog must be evaluated by a veterinarian. To be corrected by: 01-09-15. ** A seven year old, female, fawn pug, micro-chip #4C18202443. Both eyes are dull, dry and the surface of the eyes have a rough appearance. The right eye had a brown raised spot on the surface of the eye. Both eyes had crusting around the eyes. This can be a sign of disease or injury. The dog must be evaluated by a veterinarian. To be corrected by: 01-09-15. ** A eight year old, female, fawn pug, micro-chip #4831305F3C. Both eyes are dull, dry and the surface of the eyes have a rough appearance. The left eye has yellowish matter on the surface of the eye. This can be a sign of disease or injury. The dog must be evaluated by a veterinarian. To be corrected by: 01-09-15. All dealers must use appropriate methods to prevent, control, diagnose and treat diseases or injury. This inspection and exit briefing conducted with the owner. End of report.

There is insufficient protection from the rain, wind and cold in the spider monkey and lemur enclosures. The shelters provided and observed during the inspection are plastic dog houses without doors, with an infrared radiant heater set approximately 2-3 feet from the sides of the enclosures, and facing the openings of the shelters. There was also no additional bedding observed inside the shelters for the spider monkeys. Although this inspector detected some heat reaching the side of the enclosure, in the event of wind, rain and significantly cold ambient temperatures, this set-up will not be adequate to protect the nonhuman primates. Exposure to the elements, wind, rain and cold temperatures without adequate shelter may cause discomfort and injury to the nonhuman primates. The shelter must safely provide heat to the nonhuman primates to prevent the ambient temperature from falling below 45 [deg]F (7.2 [deg]C). The enclosures must be safely altered to protect the spider monkeys and lemurs from the elements including the wind, rain and cold. Correct by January 8, 2015.

There is a container of an unlabeled bottle containing a white liquid in the refrigerator of the whelping building. The licensee states that this was a mixture of amoxicillin. There is an expired bottle of oxytocin (14 Jun) and an expired can of Blu-Kote (05-11) stored with the medications currently in use in the treatment area of the whelping building. Unlabeled medications can be used incorrectly and be mistaken for other medications. The usage of expired medical materials such as drugs, fluids, or sutures on regulated animals is not considered to be an acceptable veterinary practice and does not constitute adequate veterinary care. The effectiveness of the dosage level and expected results when expired drugs are administrated to animals could be drastically changed or may not work as anticipated. The applicant must ensure that all medications used are not expired and are labeled properly in accordance with standard veterinary practices. The attending veterinarian has a written protocol for this licensee to use for nebulization of the puppies. The protocol calls for the use of sterile water to be mixed with antibiotics. The licensee is using tap water in place of the sterile water. Failure to follow directions for treatments from a veterinarian can lead to unintended side effects such as infections. The licensee must follow all treatment protocols from the attending veterinarian as they are written.

Portions of a plastic panel on the northwest corner of the east kennel building has been chewed exposing raw chewed wood beneath it. The bottom portion of a plastic divider panel between two enclosures in the "Sundowner" kennel building has come loose out of its support. This has resulted in a gap between these enclosures. Dogs may get caught in this gap and cause injury. All surfaces must be maintained and kept in good repair to securely contain the dogs and protect them from injury. Correct by 20 Jan. 2015.

The camel has large patches of hair loss on both sides of his hump. The caretaker said he is eating the hair. Approximately 6 of the 14 tigers appear tender/sore on front legs when walking. Several have a history of arthritis but are currently not recieving any medication or treatment. At time of the inspection, a female tiger , China , ( In 1st enclosure ) appears very lame on both front legs . Another tiger, Dolly ( in 2nd enclosure ) is also lame and holds her right front leg up when walking . She was diagnosed by xray last year as having severe arthritis in her shoulder but is not recieving any medication or treatment for the condition. The male wolf in the last wolf enclosure is very slow to stand up from laying down and walks very slowly. At one time, he was treated with a joint supplement but will not eat the medication . These animals need to be examined by a veterinarian to determine the most appropriate treatment. Prescribed treatments must be carefully followed to ensure these animals are provided with proper veterinary care . ( The attending veterinarian was contacted during the inspection for an appointment. ) CORRECT BY : 1-15-15 The inspection and exit briefing was conducted with facility manager and employees.

Section 2.126(b) - A responsible adult was not available to accompany APHIS Officials during the inspection process at 9am on 01/06/2015.

Section 2.126(b) - Access and inspection of records and property: A responsible adult was not available to accompany APHIS Officials during the inspection process at 1 pm on 01/06/2015.

Visits by the Attending Veterinarian are not occuring on a regular basis. The last inspection of the facility by the Attending Veterinarian took place on April 19, 2013. Regular visits are necessary to ensure that all the animals are healthy, the facilities are adequate, and to review the Program of Veterinary Care. The licensee must ensure that visits by the Attending Veterinarian are scheduled on a regular basis (at least annually). ***TO BE CORRECTED BY JANUARY 30, 2015. The inspection and the exit briefing were conducted with a facility representative.

(c) Surfaces (2) Maintenance and replacement of surfaces. ****In the sheltered facility, there were three primary enclosures containing four adult dogs. Around the interior surface of the doorways, the edges of the covering of the walls had been chewed away leaving the wooden studs exposed. The exposed studs have also been chewed and scratched and have rough surfaces. The exposed wood has not been sealed against moisture. Unsealed and chewed edges cannot be properly cleaned and sanitized and increases the risk of disease to the animals.. The licensee must repair these surfaces and assure that all surfaces are replaced or repaired as required. To be corrected by January 20, 2015 ****Female white and tan Chichuahua (MC# 0A0224678) and female red and white Boston Terrier (MC# 0A0227479) from the October 29, 2014 inspection report were evaluated by a licensed veterinarian and documentation was presented during inspection. Inspection and exit interview conducted with the licensee. Additional Inspectors Vernon Kathryn, Animal Care Inspector

During this inspection two degus were on exhibit and offered for sale in the pet store "Tammy's Flying Zebras." The exhibition and/or sale of these animals as regulated under the Animal Welfare Act requires a valid USDA license. No USDA license has been issued to this business or business owner (s). Agency records indicate application packets for licensing have been requested and sent on two prior dates. The owner stated to this inspector via telephone the packets were not received. The requirement for USDA licensing was also provided to the owners on October 19, 2014 during the wholesale purchase of the degus and other exotic mammals as documented on the USDA paperwork provided by the seller to the buyer, Tammy's Flying Zebras. No regulated activities may be conducted without a valid USDA license. The inspection was conducted with a facility representative. The exit interview was conducted with the facility representative in person and the owner via telephone.