citation_inspection

Item Primary Enclosures 3.80 a 2 ii In June of 2016 most likely during the night of the 8th or early morning of the 9th a non human primate was able to unlock the mechanism that holds the squeeze back portion of the cage in place. With the mechanism unlocked the primate was able to move the back panel forward thus creating a space between the side wall of the cage and the opening for the automatic watering device. At this time the primate was able to get her head caught in this space and was found dead the following morning by husbandry staff. Facility has started adding additional locking measures immediately and is also looking at other measures to prevent any reoccurrences. Facility needs to continue its monitoring of its cages to prevent further injury Corrected by facility before end of inspection Inspection of Upper Merion East and West sites as well as the Upper Providence site took place on June 13-14 2014 Exit interview conducted with facility representative

- Four dogs acquired for an active protocol were no longer at the facility, and there were no records of disposition available. The Primary Investigator stated that the dogs were evaluated, found to be unsuitable for the project, and were returned to the vendor. The animals were never actually purchased by the facility, but only held temporarily. Any animal purchased or acquired by the facility must have a corresponding disposition record that meets all requirements of the Animal Welfare Act. Accurate disposition records are critical to enable the IACUC and/or USDA to track the movement of research animals. Correct from this point forward.

There was an incident identified by the number 2015-11 which took place during the month of December 2015. The attending veterinarian (AV) inspected a rabbit for a post surgical procedure in which the skin edges were not apposed. The attending veterinarian gave specific written instructions to treat it as an open wound and let it heal by 2nd intention. Research personnel decided to anesthetize the animal, debride the wound, and close the open wound without consulting the AV. The next day the rabbit was found dead and there was no peri-operative monitoring documentation indicating that the rabbit had recovered from anesthesia. Each research facility shall establish and maintain programs of adequate veterinary care that include guidance to research personnel involved in the care and use of animals regarding handling, immobilization, anesthesia, analgesia, tranquilization, and euthanasia, etc. The facility has corrected this issue by providing operative and recovery documentation training and provided a copy of the IACUC policy for veterinary medical care and best practices.

The written program of veterinary (PVC) care lacks guidance for the method of euthanasia. There is no specific guidance in the PVC for the method of euthanasia to be used by the facility, including its use, equipment, and personnel trained and authorized to perform the euthanasia for the various species. The PVC states that the method of euthanasia is carbon dioxide, but there are no details on its use at the facility by personnel. Specific guidance and training in the procedure for euthanasia by the attending veterinarian is required to ensure the animals are humanely euthanized according to the latest AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals (2013 edition). Additional specific guidance is required for the euthanasia section on the PVC. Failure to have specific, accurate guidance does not ensure that the attending veterinarian is aware of the current practices at the facility and also does not ensure the facility has accurate guidance to provide adequate veterinary care to the animals. Correct by developing and implementing a complete program of veterinary care that describes all methods of euthanasia used by facility personnel for animals covered under the Animal Welfare Act. Correct by July 14, 2016.

Multiple enclosures in both buildings had feces in the self-feeders especially in the enclosures where feces had accumulated around the feeder and the automatic water valves (See section 3.31(a)(1)). A few of the self-feeders had caked food in the corners of the trough. The self-feeders in wooden enclosures in both buildings are screwed into the wall of the enclosure between the two automatic water valves. These feeders are not being removed and sanitized at least once every two weeks. Debris and feces is accumulating on the rims and lower portions of the feeders. Ineffective cleaning and sanitation exposes the animals to disease hazards such as bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. Food receptacles must be kept clean and sanitized as often as necessary and at least once every 2 weeks. Correct by keeping the self-feeders clean and sanitizing the self-feeder at least once every 2 weeks. Correct by June 28, 2016.

The green tub enclosures in building 1 appeared to have been cleaned and sanitized, but there is still a heavy buildup of brown roughened scale and debris on the wooden sides and floor of the enclosures in building 1. There were wooden enclosures (about 5 %) in both buildings that had fecal material consolidated in a moist fecal pad on the floor area by the self-feeder and the two automatic water valves. Other wooden enclosures (about 5 %) had excessive feces accumulating in the same area as the self-feeder and the two automatic water valves. These enclosures had feces in the trough of the self-feeders (See section 3.29(d)). Correct by ensuring that all primary enclosures are cleaned and sanitized often enough to prevent an accumulation of excreta and debris. Additionally, ensure that the primary enclosures are sanitized at least once every two weeks. Note: Guinea pigs had adequate space on this inspection. An exit interview was conducted with the owner, Robert Markmann, ACI, and Mary Geib, VMO. Additional Inspectors Geib Mary, Veterinary Medical Officer

A 4 year old female Amur Leopard escaped from the outdoor portion of her enclosure the morning of 7 June 2016. She was recaptured successfully and returned to the enclosure. The staff determined that the leopard had climbed the enclosure wall and was able to squeeze out through an opening of the mesh on the top of the enclosure. She had been observed in her outdoor enclosure by the staff at 7:15 am but was spotted by a zoo patron on an overhanging beam adjacent to her enclosure at about 9:30 am. She was darted successfully and returned safely to the leopards indoor enclosure. The escape put this leopard at risk for the use of lethal gunshot if the recapture had not been safe and successful as well as for injury during the recapture process. The escape also put patrons of the zoo at risk for injury by the leopard. The licensee must ensure that all facilities must be constructed of such material and of such strength as appropriated for the animals involved. The indoor and outdoor housing facilities must be structurally sound and must be maintained in good repair to protect the animals from injury and to contain the animals. The leopards are currently housed in the indoor portion of the exhibit. The leopards outdoor enclosure must be corrected by 5 July 2016 This was a focused inspection to asses the leopard escape, medical records, and shade/temperature concerns in animal enclosures. The inspection and exit interview were conducted with facility representatives and Margaret A Shaver, VMO in attendance.

There was no written Program of Veterinary Care (PVC) available at the time of inspection. In order to ensure problems of animal health are addressed adequately, there needs to be a written PVC. The written PVC shall include the species being utilized or sold in regulated activities, preventative care, common health problems that they may have and how these will be addressed by the licensee and the Attending Veterinarian. Ensure that the formal arrangement with the Attending Veterinarian includes a detailed written Program of Veterinary Care and is made available for review during the inspection process. To be corrected by: June 20, 2016

The licensee could not locate all of the required records at the time of inspection. A current and accurate inventory list for the animals that are located on and off the property was not provided. Records which fully and correctly disclose the required information regarding the acquisition and disposition of animals other than dogs and cats is required to ensure that the transactions are done legally, so that animals may be properly tracked through during the inspection process, and to ensure the humane care and use of animals during transport, housing, and exhibition.

There are three goats and three llamas that do not have access to adequate shelter that would provide protection against inclement weather. The three llamas are being housed in an enclosure on the east side of the property. The llamas have access to shade but not shelter from inclement weather. The goats that are housed in a pen on the north side do not have access to natural or artificial shelter that would protect them from inclement weather or direct sunlight. Not having access to shelter during inclement weather does not ensure the animals can remain clean and dry. Lack of shelter during inclement weather can also cause discomfort for the animals. The licensee must provide all animals with shelter that protects them from inclement weather.

A responsible adult was not available to accompany APHIS Officials during the inspection process at 0815-0845 on 06/14/2016. The inspector was able to make contact with an authorized individual by phone. He indicated that both of the authorized personnel listed on their license were not available for inspection.

In the two small dog buildings there are at least sixteen enclosures, containing twenty dogs, that are framed in wood and the wood along the tops of the enclosures has been chewed and shredded by the dogs. The outdoor enclosures housing the Golden retrievers have shelters with flaps over the doors that act as wind and rain breaks. At least three of the flaps have been shredded and torn by the dogs. At least three dogs are housed in these enclosures. The outdoor enclosures each contain a shelter for the dogs. In one enclosure, containing two Golden retrievers, the floor of the shelter is constructed of wooden boards and the dogs have damaged the wood resulting in a large hole in the floor. The damage to the wood and the shelter flaps does not allow for proper cleaning and sanitization of these surfaces to occur and could increase the disease risk towards the dogs. All surfaces must be maintained on a regular basis. Any surface that cannot be readily cleaned and sanitized must be replaced if worn or soiled. The licensee must replace the damaged wood and shelter flaps or alter them in a manner that allows for cleaning and sanitization of the surfaces to occur. The licensee must ensure that all surfaces of housing facilities are maintained and kept in good repair.

In at least two outdoor enclosures, containing three Golden retrievers, there is a thick buildup of dirt on the interior walls of the shelters. In the enclosure containing two young adult Golden retrievers there is also a buildup of dirt on the wooden floor of the enclosure. The buildup of dirt could increase the risk of disease towards the dogs. Used primary enclosures for dogs must be sanitized at least once every two weeks, or more often if necessary to prevent the buildup of dirt, debris, food waste, excreta, and other disease hazards. The licensee must remove the buildup of dirt from the interior surfaces of the shelters. The licensee must ensure that the buildup of dirt on the surfaces of all used primary enclosures is eliminated for the health and well-being of the dogs. Correction date: June 28. 2016 Exit interview conducted with Kelly Maxwell, ACI, Heather Cole, VMO and the facility representative. Additional Inspectors Cole Heather, Supervisory Animal Care Specialist

A food storage area adjacent to the main kitchen and food preparation area was in disrepair. There were several covered cans with stored animal food present. This portion of the building had damage to the ceiling with large areas of exposed and torn insulation hanging down directly over the food storage bins. The room was also being used as a general storage area, was cluttered, and contained cleaning supplies and many gallon-sized containers of bleach just a few feet from the food bins. The deteriorated state of the storage room, exposed and hanging insulation, and the presence of cleaning chemicals in close proximity creates a risk of contamination of the stored food. Food shall be wholesome, palatable, and free of contamination. The food storage bins should be moved to a different location that is compliant, or this storage room should be repaired and exposed insulation removed or covered and potentially hazardous chemicals removed. Correct by: Corrected by the end of the inspection. This inspection was conducted By Dr. Suzan Loerzel on 6/14/2016 with the Facility President, and completed on 6/15/2016 with the Facility Vice President. A preliminary exit interview was conducted with the facility President on 6/14/2016 and the final interview with the Vice President on 6/15/2016.

There were no current formal arrangements between the licensee and a veterinarian available at the time of the inspection. The last visit was annotated in 2014. Without regularly scheduled visits by the attending veterinarian, there is no way to ensure that the animals at the facility are receiving adequate care. The attending veterinarian must visit the facility and agree that he/she still agrees with the formal arrangements, and make any corrections or changes if he/she does not. Correct by 7/1/2016

*** The wooden shelter box for the Ring tail lemurs has not been cleaned and sealed and the wood in the back sheltered building for the Macaque has also not been sealed. These enclosures cannot be adequately cleaned and sanitized on a routine basis. These areas of wood need to be sealed to facilitate husbandry cleaning for the species.

*** The coyote pen has exposed chainlink wire on the bottom of the enclosure. Exposed wire can entrap a paw and cause injury to the animal. Housing facilities shall be maintained in good repair to protect the animals from injury. Ensure that the floor wire is adequately covered to protect the animal(cid:25)'s feet and limbs. *** The cougar enclosure has a wood sheltered box that is constructed of plywood. The box is not lined inside with any material to add structural strength to the sheltered area. This needs to be addressed to assure containment for the species. *** A large section of fencing securing the primary enclosure of the watusi and bison is damaged or missing. This allows the enclosed watusi to fully extend his head, horns, and shoulders out of his primary enclosure and have physical contact with staff and the viewing public. Outdoor housing facilities shall be structurally sound and maintained in good repair to protect the animals from injury and to contain the animals.

The enclosures housing the raccoons, hyena, lions, pigs (3 areas), foxes, bear and tigers are mostly dry today, since it has been hot with no rain recently. However, only the white tiger's enclosure has had any drainage improvements made. A small amount of gravel has been placed into the deepest areas. Gravel is in the pick up truck on premises ready for future use. Standing water and mud that does not dissipate rapidly can lead to hoof and foot problems and other health concerns for the animals that cannot get or stay dry. Additionally, being wet for extended periods of time may be distressing to the animals and impact their well being. The facility needs to take immediate action to facilitate drainage in these enclosures for the health of the animals. Note: 2.40 (b) 2 citation from May 04, 2016, inspection has been corrected. The alpaca has been sheared and a shearing plan is being implemented. Exit interview conducted with facility owner, Kimberley Cohen VMO and Mary Ann McBride VMO. Additional Inspectors Cohen Kimberley, Veterinary Medical Officer

*** The walls of the enclosures are constructed of garage door panels. The plastic that the doors panels were wrapped in is now peeling away from the panels. The plastic needs to be removed from the panels to reduce the potential ingestion hazard to the dogs. This needs to be corrected to protect the animals from injury and to keep the enclosures in good repair. Correct by: June 19, 2016

*** There is a layer of grime and debris underneath the lip of the feeders. The feeders need to be cleaned and sanitized at least once every two weeks to prevent this accumulation of debris. *** The rain breaks on the doors to the whelping boxes need to be cleaned. There is a layer of grime and debris on the breaks that are not being cleaned and removed on a routine basis. The walls of the outside section of the whelping boxes also have a layer of grime and debris. These areas of the whelping boxes need to be cleaned and sanitized on a routine basis of every two weeks to prevent this accumulation and for the health of the dogs. *** There is an accumulation of feces underneath the outdoor section of the enclosures that needs to be cleaned. Additionally there is a build up of hair and debris that is not being removed on the frame of the primary enclosures in the outdoor section of the runs. This accumulation should be removed when the enclosures are sanitized every 2 weeks or more frequently if needed to reduce this build up and for the health of the animals. Correct by: June 20, 2016

*** There was swarms of flies around the kennel area, in and around the feces underneath the enclosures and among the weeds and grass growth around the kennel. An effective program for the control of insects must be established and maintained to reduce contamination by pests in animal areas to promote the health of the dogs. Correct by: June 20, 2016 An exit briefing was conducted with the licensee at the time of the inspection.

Reports of the IACUC semiannual evaluations of the facility inspections and program review have not been submitted to the Institutional Official for the last three inspections and reviews. No reports were submitted for the 5/18/15, 11/19/15 and 5/25/16 inspections and reviews. The reports shall be updated every six months upon completion of the required semiannual evaluations. Updated reports and submission to the IO is required to ensure appropriate communication is maintained between the IACUC and IO on issues of facility adherence and compliance with AWA regulations and standards. Correct by: July 16, 2016 for submission of most recent evaluation

Approved protocol 15-01 does not contain a complete description of the euthanasia method to be used. Although the protocol states the dosage of Ketamine/Xylazine combination to be given the route of administration of the drugs is not documented. The IACUC must ensure that all protocols contain the information required under the AWA including an appropriate method of euthanasia. Prior to approval the IACUC must confirm that proposed euthanasia activities are conducted using established AVMA guidelines and humane administration. Correct by: Immediate

*Guinea pigs used under protocol 15 -01 are euthanized using a Ketamine/Xylazine injectable drug combination and is stated to be administered at three times the standard anesthetic dose. According to AVMA 2013 euthanasia guidelines the use of a dissociative anesthetic in combination with an alpha 2 adrenergic agonist should be administered at five times the anesthetic dose standard when used in laboratory animals for euthanasia. *During discussion with personnel responsible for the above described euthanasia procedure the criteria used to confirm death in the guinea pigs after euthanasia and prior to body disposal could not be provided to this inspector. The individual was asked twice how confirmation of death was determined and no answer was given. AVMA guidelines and industry standard for humane euthanasia mandate that death must always be confirmed using established criteria. Guidance to principal investigators and personnel involved in the care and use of animals regarding euthanasia must be provided to establish the provision for adequate veterinary care required to be maintained by research facilities. The combination of inadequate euthanasia dosages and lack of confirmation of death prior to body disposal can have painful and distressful consequences for the animals involved. The facility should review euthanasia training, methods and techniques to ensure humane handling of animals and adequate veterinary care regarding euthanasia that at least parallels accepted veterinary standards. Correct by: June 30, 2016

Several IACUC approved protocols reviewed during this inspection did not include a complete description of the use of animals. *Protocols ETCR-16-0177 and ETCR-15-0167 included a minor surgical procedure. An appendix attached to each protocol discussed general surgery principles to be followed but neither the protocol nor the appendix stated the surgical procedure clearly and in detail. In addition there were no details of what anesthetic drugs were to be used, how the animal was to be monitored during the surgery and what pre and post surgical procedures were to be followed. Pain/discomfort relief measures were not stated clearly and in detail. *Protocol ETCR-16-0177 discusses blood draws and blood volumes related to experimental procedures in the protocol. An experimental timeline table shows these experimental blood draws but then also shows additional blood draws for blood testing. These additional blood draws are not described in the protocol by timing or volume of blood to be drawn. *Protocol 16-0173 discussed euthanasia and gives the drug, dose and route for administration of the euthanasia drug. The procedure description states that xylazine or acepromazine will be given prior to the euthanasia drug but no dosages or routes of administration are noted. A protocol must be complete in order to allow the IACUC to fully understand the procedures and uses the animals will be undergoing so that the IACUC can adequately review a protocol to ensure that the protocol meets regulatory guidelines. A proposal to conduct an activity involving animals must contain a complete description of the proposed use of the animals. Correct from this day forward. Exit conducted with undersigned IACUC chair.

Guinea Pig trailer: An overhead light fixture did not have protective coverings over the bulbs. This fixture was located in an area of the ceiling directly above the guinea pig enclosures. Uncovered, light bulbs could potentially cause injury to the animals in the event of accidental breakage. Housing facilities for guinea pigs must be structurally sound and maintained in good repair in order to protect the animals from injury and to contain them. A system of timely identification, facility repair and maintenance must be in place. Correct by 07/12/2016.

Hoofstock pen: Several areas of the wire fencing in this enclosure were in disrepair with gaps, loose wiring and sharp, protruding points within contact of the animals which could cause injury. At time of inspection, APHIS personnel observed that a baby goat was able to escape this pen and an adult goat with horns was able to put his entire head through the wire gaps in one corner. All enclosures must be kept in good repair and free of sharp, protruding points and gaps/openings in order to protect the animals from injury or entrapment and properly contain the animals. A system of timely identification, facility repair and maintenance must be in place. Correct by 07/12/2016. Exit interview was conducted with a facility representative.

Section 2.126(b) - Access and inspection of records and property: A responsible adult shall be made available to accompany APHIS officials during the inspection process. A responsible adult was not available to accompany APHIS Officials during the inspection process at 11-11:30am on 06/14/2016.

Section 2.126(b) - Access and inspection of records and property: A responsible adult shall be made available to accompany APHIS officials during the inspection process. A responsible adult was not available to accompany APHIS Officials during the inspection process at 1:00 P.M. on 06/14/2016. Phone number of record is not a working number. Left business card at front gate.